The doctrine that the content of the conclusion of a deductively valid argument is included in the content of its premises, taken jointly, is a familiar one. It has important consequences for the question of what value valid arguments possess, since it indicates the poverty of three traditional answers: that arguments may and should be used as instruments of persuasion, that they may and should be used as instruments of justification; and that they may and should be used to advance knowledge. The truth is, however, that in each of these cases the argument has only a managerial role and, if there is any work done, it is the premises that do it. It will be maintained that this point has little force against the critical rationalist answer, which I shall defend, that the principal purpose of deductive reasoning from an assemblage of premises is the exploration of their content, facilitating their criticism and rejection. That said, the main aim of the present paper is not to promote critical rationalism but to consider some published objections to the doctrine that a statement asserts every statement that is validly deducible from it. The alleged counterexamples to be considered fall roughly into two groups: statements that emerge with time from a rich mathematical or empirical theory, but were originally unformulated and are deducible from the theory only in a non-trivial way (Frederick 2011, 2014; Williamson 2012); and statements, notably disjunctions, that are easily formulated and are deducible from a theory in a trivial way (Schurz & Weingartner 1987; Mura 1990, 2008; Gemes 1994; Yablo 2014). Each of these counterexamples will be evaluated and dismissed.

Objective: People who have higher social health can more successfully deal with the challenges and ups and downs of playing key social roles and participate more in collective activities and prevent social deviations and anomalies. In this regard, foresight and the development of a forward-looking strategy model by the media can play an important role in promoting the social health of their audience (individuals).Method: This research has been done qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative phase, content analysis and Q methods were used, and in the quantitative phase, factor analysis was used to analyze the Q method data.Results: The content analysis of the media in this study showed that the most media production in the field of social deviations with 576 cases and the lowest media production in the field of violence with 237 cases. The field of social quality with 485 and the field of social issues with 312 cases are in the second and third ranks. A small questionnaire was made and based on it, the desired model was designed using PLS software. Conclusion: This model showed that the function of media is effective in promoting social health of society and can have the greatest impact on improving quality of life, reducing violence, reducing social deviations and social issues.

هدف: پژوهش حاضر باهدف تحلیل جامع حوزه «تاب آوری کسب وکارهای نوپا» از طریق تحلیل هم استنادی نویسندگان و تحلیل هم رخدادی واژگان کلیدی بر اساس اطلاعات پایگاه وب آو ساینس طی سال های 1995-2022 به منظور ارائه مسیر برای پژوهش های آتی انجام شده است.روش شناسی: در پژوهش حاضر برای جمع آوری داده ها از روش اسنادی و به منظور تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل هم استنادی و هم رخدادی واژگان با کمک نرم افزار وس ویوور استفاده شده است.یافته ها: بررسی مسیرهای پژوهشی 876 مقاله در شش حوزه تحقیقاتی مانند مدیریت، کسب وکار، مطالعات محیطی، علوم محیطی، فناوری علوم پایدار سبز و اقتصاد به عنوان پربازدیدترین حوزه های مطالعاتی تاب آوری در پایگاه وب آوساینس؛ موجب شناسایی سه مسیر پژوهشی «تاب آوری و بحران های جهانی»؛ «تاب آوری و پایداری زنجیره تأمین» و «تاب آوری و اثرات اقتصادی» شد. در تحلیل هم واژگانی کلمات کلیدی نیز پنج خوشه شامل «تاب آوری زنجیره تأمین با نگاهی به آینده»، «تاب آوری بحران کووید 19 و آسیب پذیری اقتصادی»، «عوامل موفقیت و پایداری تاب آوری»، «تحقیق و توسعه تاب آوری» و «زیرساخت تاب آوری» مشخص شد.نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد توسعه و گسترش تحولات علمی در حوزه تاب آوری از زمان بحران کووید 19 و نیاز به شکل گیری کسب وکارهای الکترونیکی باعث شده پژوهشگران مسیر پژوهشی جدیدی را انتخاب کنند. در این میان توجه به هوش مصنوعی و تاب آوری به عنوان موضوعی جدید، موردتوجه پژوهشگران این حوزه قرار دارد.

The ethical actions are important because of the priority of the mission goal and their close relationship with social progress and development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identification and social analysis of these types of actions among the verses of revelation and it deals with the effect of ethical actions in the production of social capital in the process of progress based on religious teachings and answers these questions based on the Quranic teachings. What impact do ethical actions (behavior) have on the formation of social progress? How do moral actions generate social capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are the effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in the development of social interactions have been socially studied, analyzed and searched by using the inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving others, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with social supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togetherness, coherence and expansion of social interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes the production of social capital and its improvement and will lead to the density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

Purpose: Clustering and co-word analysis is a method to reveal relationships and links and illustrate the intellectual structure of a scientific field. This research tries to study the intellectual structure of articles in the field of futures studies in Iran by using the technique of co-word analysis. Method: The current research is a descriptive-analytical development with a scientometric approach. The statistical population is 921 articles retrieved records in the field of futures studies. Findings: The findings showed that articles in the field of futures studies in Iran are often associated with positive growth, and in terms of frequency, the keywords scenario, Islamic Republic, and foresight are the most frequent in futures studies. The findings related to the hierarchical clustering led to the formation of 8 clusters in this field, namely "ICT visions", "geographers who love the future", "knowledge development", " Futuristic higher education", "Future of Religion", "Regional Relations", "Strategic Foresight" and "Heavy Weight of Method". Conclusion: According to the findings of the current research and the high frequency of the keyword scenario, as well as the density and relationships of this keyword with other keywords, it can be concluded that the scenario is the dominant approach in futures studies. Also, according to the resulting clusters, it was observed that these researches have a high variety, but addressing the future in many areas is still neglected.

زمینه و هدف: تحلیل محتوا یک شیوه پژوهشی است که برای تشریح عینی، منظم و کمی محتوای آشکار پیام های ارتباطی به کار می رود. این شیوه ابتدا در علوم ارتباطات به کار گرفته شد و در حال حاضر در تحلیل رسانه ها استفاده زیادی دارد. در سال های اخیر این شیوه پژوهش در سایر علوم، از جمله پرستاری نیز مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است.روش بررسی: با توجه به اهمیت این روش در پرستاری و کمبود منابع فارسی، این مطالعه مروری به منظور روشن سازی و تببین ابعاد، تعاریف، طبقه بندی ها، اصول و مبانی مفهومی این روش، با استفاده از کتاب ها و مقالات داخلی و خارجی انجام شده است.یافته ها: تحلیل محتوا به اعتقاد بیشتر صاحبنظران روش پژوهشی است که برای بیان مفاهیم یا واژه های معینی در یک متن و یا مجموعه ای از متون استفاده می شود. برخی نیز آن را یک روش تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها می دانند. متن می تواند شامل کتاب، فصل یا فصل هایی از یک کتاب، نوشته ها، مصاحبه، گفتگو، عناوین و مقالات مطبوعات و اسناد تاریخی باشد. پژوهشگر با استفاده از تحلیل محتوا وجود مفهوم و ارتباط بین واژه ها و یا مفاهیم را تحلیل کرده و درباره پیام های موجود در متن، نویسنده آن، مخاطب و حتی فرهنگ و دوره زمانی اثر نتیجه گیری می نماید.نتیجه گیری: تحلیل محتوا هم در تحقیقات کمی و هم در تحقیقات کیفی قابل استفاده می باشد.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

1مقدمه: امید به زندگی، نقش مهمی در سازگاری افراد با مسئله طلاق داشته و نداشتن و یا پایین بودن امید به زندگی، موجب آسیب روانی می گردد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل امید به زندگی در زنان پس از طلاق، انجام شده است. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی تحلیل محتوای قراردادی انجام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل خبرگان شامل مدرسین دانشگاهی در رشته روانشناسی از دانشگاه های آزاد اسلامی زنجان، دانشگاه قم و دانشگاه زنجان و صاحبنظران حوزه خانواده و طلاق و همچنین زنان پس از طلاق چند مرکز روانشناسی در شهر زنجان در سال 1401بودند. جمع آوری داده ها به روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته انجام شد. تحلیل داده ها به روش تحلیل محتوای قراردادی و در نرم افزار مکس کیو دی آ  نسخه 2020 انجام شد. یافته ها: یافته ها 8 مضمون اصلی و 33 مضمون فرعی شامل: عوامل تأمین مالی مستقل (با 3 مضمون فرعی)، عوامل مربوط به ویژگی های شخصیتی (با 4 مضمون فرعی)، عوامل مربوط به آموزش گروهی از طریق رسانه و فرهنگ سازی (با 4 مضمون فرعی)، عوامل مربوط به مشاوره و روان درمانی (با 4 مضمون فرعی)، عوامل مربوط به حمایت خانواده، حمایت اجتماعی، حمایت دولت (با 7 مضمون فرعی)، عوامل مربوط به توانمندسازی و داشتن هدف (با 7 مضمون فرعی)، عوامل مربوط به سبک زندگی سالم (با 2 مضمون فرعی) و عوامل مربوط به معنویت (با 2 مضمون فرعی) را نشان داد. نتیجه گیری:  وجود 8 مضمون اصلی شامل عوامل تأمین مالی مستقل، عوامل مربوط به ویژگی های شخصیتی، عوامل مربوط به آموزش گروهی از طریق رسانه و فرهنگ سازی، عوامل مربوط به مشاوره و روان درمانی، عوامل مربوط به حمایت خانواده، حمایت اجتماعی، حمایت دولت، عوامل مربوط به توانمندسازی و داشتن هدف، عوامل مربوط به سبک زندگی سالم و عوامل مربوط به معنویت را نشان داد. لذا پیشنهاد می شود از نتایج مطالعه حاضر جهت افزایش امید به زندگی در زنان مطلقه بهره گرفته شود.